Hip/elbow dysplasia; degenerative myelopathy; exocrine pancreatic insufficiency; GDV

Predisposition is not a diagnosis.

Hip/elbow dysplasia; obesity; exercise-induced collapse; cruciate disease; otitis

Body-condition management modifies some risk.

Cancer predisposition; hip/elbow dysplasia; atopy; hypothyroidism

Associations vary by lineage/population.

Brachycephalic airway syndrome; IVDD; allergies; heat intolerance

Conformation-related disease can be clinically significant.

Brachycephalic airway disease; skin-fold dermatitis; hip dysplasia; ocular disease

Conformation-related risk is common.

Brachycephalic airway disease; ocular disease; patellar luxation; hemivertebrae

Eye and airway assessment are important.

Intervertebral disc disease; obesity; periodontal disease

Chondrodystrophic conformation increases IVDD risk.

GDV; dilated cardiomyopathy; osteosarcoma; cervical spondylomyelopathy

Giant-breed preventive planning matters.

Dilated cardiomyopathy; von Willebrand disease; cervical spondylomyelopathy; hypothyroidism

Cardiac screening is commonly used in at-risk animals.

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy; mast cell tumor; lymphoma; brachycephalic airway disease

Cardiac and oncologic vigilance is useful.

Myxomatous mitral valve disease; syringomyelia; patellar luxation

Cardiac disease may occur relatively early.

Hyperlipidemia; pancreatitis; calcium oxalate urolithiasis; diabetes

Diet and metabolic screening can matter.

Tracheal collapse; portosystemic shunt; patellar luxation; periodontal disease

Toy-breed airway and dental risks are common.

MDR1/ABCB1 drug sensitivity; epilepsy; hip dysplasia; inherited eye disease

Genotype can materially change drug safety.

MDR1/ABCB1 drug sensitivity; collie eye anomaly; dermatomyositis

Consider ABCB1 status before certain medications.

Osteosarcoma; hip/elbow dysplasia; cruciate disease; subaortic stenosis

Orthopedic and oncologic risk is notable.

Histiocytic sarcoma; other cancers; hip/elbow dysplasia; GDV

Cancer burden is high in some populations.

Addison disease; GDV; sebaceous adenitis; hip dysplasia

Endocrine disease can be an important differential.

Otitis; chronic hepatitis; cataracts; immune-mediated disease

Ear and eye disease are frequent issues.

Osteosarcoma; periodontal disease; breed-specific hematology; anesthesia differences

Interpret some lab values in breed context.

Idiopathic epilepsy; hypothyroidism; IVDD; glaucoma

Neurologic and ophthalmic presentations deserve breed context.

GDV; otitis externa; glaucoma; IVDD; inherited platelet dysfunction in some lines

Long ears, deep chest, and chondrodystrophic build contribute to several common risks.

Idiopathic epilepsy; collie eye anomaly; ABCB1/MDR1 drug sensitivity; hip dysplasia

Genetic testing can clarify selected inherited risks.

IVDD/chondrodystrophy; degenerative myelopathy; hip dysplasia; progressive retinal atrophy

Spinal and neurologic screening may be relevant as dogs age.

IVDD/chondrodystrophy; progressive retinal atrophy; degenerative myelopathy; hip dysplasia

Inherited eye and spinal disease associations are documented in the breed.

ABCB1/MDR1 drug sensitivity; collie eye anomaly; dermatomyositis; von Willebrand disease

Drug-sensitivity genotype can materially affect medication safety.

Progressive retinal atrophy; congenital deafness; hip/elbow dysplasia; primary lens luxation

Eye, hearing, and orthopedic screening are commonly considered.

Inherited cataracts/other eye disease; glaucoma; hip dysplasia; zinc-responsive dermatosis

Ophthalmic disease is an important inherited-disease category in this breed.

Hip dysplasia; inherited polyneuropathy; hypothyroidism; zinc-responsive dermatosis

Neuromuscular and orthopedic differentials can be breed-associated.

Subaortic stenosis; cystinuria; hip/elbow dysplasia; dilated cardiomyopathy

Cardiac and urinary screening can be clinically important.

Dilated cardiomyopathy; osteosarcoma; GDV; inherited hepatic/vascular disease in some lines

Giant-breed cardiac, oncologic, and GDV risk deserves early attention.

GDV; hip/elbow dysplasia; osteosarcoma; cardiomyopathy

Giant-breed orthopedic and gastric-dilatation risks are notable.

GDV; hip/elbow dysplasia; osteosarcoma; cardiomyopathy

Large body size modifies orthopedic and oncologic risk.

Dermoid sinus; hip dysplasia; hypothyroidism; degenerative myelopathy in some lines

Dermoid sinus is a distinctive congenital concern in this breed.

Hyperuricosuria/urate urolithiasis; congenital deafness; atopy; copper-associated liver disease in some lines

Urinary purine handling is a major breed-specific consideration.

GDV; hypertrophic osteodystrophy; immune-mediated disease; hip dysplasia

Rapid growth and deep-chested conformation influence several risks.

Hip dysplasia; inherited eye disease; von Willebrand disease in some lines; hypothyroidism

Use current breed-club/OFA screening recommendations for breeding animals.

Hip/elbow dysplasia; progressive retinal atrophy; von Willebrand disease; exercise-induced collapse in some lines

Orthopedic, eye, and inherited-disease testing may be relevant.

Juvenile dilated cardiomyopathy; GM1 gangliosidosis; progressive retinal atrophy; hip dysplasia

Several DNA-screenable inherited disorders occur in the breed.

Atopic dermatitis; pulmonary fibrosis; craniomandibular osteopathy; chronic skin/ear disease

Dermatologic and respiratory differentials are common breed considerations.

Urothelial carcinoma risk; von Willebrand disease; Scottie cramp; hyperadrenocorticism

Urinary signs warrant careful investigation in this breed.

Brachycephalic airway disease; corneal/ocular disease; IVDD; renal dysplasia in some lines

Airway, eye, and spinal disease can be conformation-associated.

Brachycephalic airway disease; corneal ulcers; patellar luxation; hemivertebrae

Airway and ocular assessment are particularly important.

Myxomatous mitral valve disease; patellar luxation; hydrocephalus; tracheal collapse

Toy-breed cardiac, airway, and orthopedic risks are common.

Tracheal collapse; patellar luxation; alopecia X; periodontal disease

Airway and dental disease are frequent clinical concerns.

Portosystemic shunt; patellar luxation; tracheal collapse; periodontal disease

Toy-breed hepatic vascular and airway disorders should remain on the differential list.

Primary lens luxation; patellar luxation; congenital deafness; hereditary ataxia in some lines

Acute painful red eye can be an emergency when lens luxation is suspected.

Shar-Pei autoinflammatory disease/fever; renal amyloidosis; entropion; chronic skin disease

Recurrent fever and inflammatory episodes can have breed-specific significance.

Sebaceous adenitis; autoimmune disease; hypothyroidism; hip dysplasia

Immune-mediated and dermatologic disease associations are recognized.

Hereditary glomerulopathy; diabetes mellitus; hip dysplasia; progressive retinal atrophy

Renal and eye screening can be important in affected lines.

Fanconi syndrome; progressive retinal atrophy; hypothyroidism; inherited hemolytic anemia in some lines

Fanconi screening/testing is a distinctive breed consideration.

Idiopathic epilepsy; hip/elbow dysplasia; inherited eye disease

Neurologic and orthopedic screening may be relevant depending on lineage.

GDV; entropion/ectropion; hip/elbow dysplasia; chronic otitis

Deep chest, skin folds, and pendulous ears contribute to recurring risks.

Progressive retinal atrophy; phosphofructokinase deficiency; fucosidosis in some lines; chronic otitis

Several inherited tests are available for affected lines.

Basic wellness assessment using chemistry markers and blood-cell counts.

Basic wellness assessment using chemistry markers and blood-cell counts.

Broad send-out chemistry and blood-cell assessment for general health evaluation.

Broad send-out chemistry and blood-cell assessment for general health evaluation.

Broad send-out chemistry and blood-cell assessment with thyroid screening.

Broad send-out chemistry and blood-cell assessment with thyroid screening.

Senior health assessment of organ function, blood cells, thyroid and urine markers.

Senior health assessment of organ function, blood cells, thyroid and urine markers.

Expanded geriatric assessment of organ function, blood cells, thyroid hormones and urine markers.

Expanded geriatric assessment of organ function, blood cells, thyroid hormones and urine markers.

Senior health assessment of organ function, blood cells, thyroid and urine markers.

Senior health assessment of organ function, blood cells, thyroid and urine markers.

Quantitative NT-proBNP, a marker of heart-muscle stretch and stress, to support cardiac health assessment and monitoring. Interpret with examination findings and appropriate imaging.

Quantitative NT-proBNP, a marker of heart-muscle stretch and stress, to support cardiac health assessment and monitoring. Interpret with examination findings and appropriate imaging.

Blood-cell counts for routine screening.

Blood-cell counts plus microscopic blood-film review for sick patients.

Pancreatic lipase assessment supporting pancreatitis evaluation.

Pancreatic lipase assessment supporting pancreatitis evaluation.

Senior health assessment of organ function, blood cells, thyroid and urine markers. Includes the species-specific pancreatic lipase test.

Senior health assessment of organ function, blood cells, thyroid and urine markers. Includes the species-specific pancreatic lipase test.

Broad send-out chemistry and blood-cell assessment with thyroid screening. Includes the species-specific pancreatic lipase test.

General illness assessment including chemistry, blood cells, pancreatic lipase and thyroid testing. Includes the species-specific pancreatic lipase test.

Evaluates phosphorus regulation in feline chronic kidney disease.

Feline renal panel, CBC and FGF-23.

Microscopic assessment of a mass or lesion.

Microscopic assessment of a mass or lesion.

Microscopic assessment of lymph nodes.

Microscopic assessment of lymph nodes.

Cell counts and cytology of an effusion.